Alan Mathison Turing was a British mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, and computer scientist. He was highly influential in the development of computer science, giving a formalization of the concepts such as “algorithm” and “computation” with the Turing machine, which can be considered an early model of a general purpose computer.
Turing is widely considered to be the father of computer science and artificial intelligence. In an article published in 1950, he developed the so-called Turing’s test to determine if a machine is intelligent or not. He theorized that if a machine can pretend to be human to an actual human, than the machine can be considered intelligent.