{"id":9495,"date":"2018-10-10T14:32:02","date_gmt":"2018-10-10T14:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/?p=9495"},"modified":"2022-12-29T17:29:17","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T16:29:17","slug":"knowledge-graphs-travel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/knowledge-graphs-travel\/","title":{"rendered":"How knowledge graphs can help your travel brand attract more visitors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the first time this year we can finally say that <strong><a class=\"wl-entity-page-link\" title=\"Knowledge Graph\" href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/knowledge-graph\/\" data-id=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/knowledge_graph;https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q33002955\" >knowledge graphs<\/a><\/strong><\/span> and <strong>semantic technologies<\/strong> are hype. People like me, who played with the semantic web stack for several years now, have long predicted that one day we would have a Graph for Everything. We did wait for long and hopefully not in vain ? until recently Gartner finally shout out loud that 2018 is indeed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/the-year-of-the-graph-getting-graphic-going-native-reshaping-the-landscape\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8220;Year of the Graph&#8221;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. We, here at WordLift, are far beyond the hype. We have built technologies, open source frameworks, companies and products on this vision of <a class=\"wl-entity-page-link\" title=\"The semantic web\" href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/semantic-web\/\" data-id=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/semantic_web;http:\/\/rdf.freebase.com\/ns\/m.076k0;http:\/\/yago-knowledge.org\/resource\/Semantic_Web;http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantic_Web;http:\/\/no.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantisk_web;http:\/\/de.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantic_Web;http:\/\/fi.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semanttinen_Web;http:\/\/ru.dbpedia.org\/resource\/\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f_\u043f\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430;http:\/\/pt.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_sem\u00e2ntica;http:\/\/bg.dbpedia.org\/resource\/\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430_\u043c\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430;http:\/\/lt.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantinis_tinklas;http:\/\/lv.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantiskais_t\u012bmeklis;http:\/\/fr.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_s\u00e9mantique;http:\/\/hu.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Szemantikus_web;http:\/\/uk.dbpedia.org\/resource\/\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430_\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430;http:\/\/id.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_semantik;http:\/\/ca.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_sem\u00e0ntic;http:\/\/sr.dbpedia.org\/resource\/\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438_\u0432\u0435\u0431;http:\/\/sv.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantiska_webben;http:\/\/en.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantic_Web;http:\/\/is.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Merkingarvefur;http:\/\/it.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_semantico;http:\/\/es.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Web_sem\u00e1ntica;http:\/\/cs.dbpedia.org\/resource\/S\u00e9mantick\u00fd_web;http:\/\/pl.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantic_Web;http:\/\/da.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantisk_web;http:\/\/nl.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Semantisch_web;http:\/\/tr.dbpedia.org\/resource\/Anlamsal_a\u011f\" >semantic web<\/a>, knowledge representation and ontologies. <\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9497\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9497\" style=\"width: 1501px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9497\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner.png\" alt=\"Knowledge Graph Technology in the Hype Cycle 2018 Gartner\" width=\"1501\" height=\"1269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner.png 1501w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner-768x649.png 768w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner-1024x866.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner-150x127.png 150w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/Knowledge_Graph_Tech_Hype_Cycle_2018_Gartner-1080x913.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1501px) 100vw, 1501px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Knowledge Graphs in the Gartner&#8217;s Hype Cycle for 2018.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For many years, way too many, talking with large enterprises or public institutions like the Italian Parliament about the importance of creating taxonomies and labeling information has been extremely frustrating, and yet I am very thankful to everyone who has listened to me and helped us get to the point of writing an article like this one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Knowledge graphs are real<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and bring a competitive advantage to large enterprises like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.aboutamazon.com\/innovation\/making-search-easier\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amazon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knowledge_Graph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Google<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/linkedin-knowledge-graph-enriches-data-value-qi-he\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">LinkedIn<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/leap.ai\/events\/2017\/08\/06\/uber_knowledge_graph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uber<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jobs.zalando.com\/tech\/blog\/semantic-web-technologies\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zalando<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/airbnb-engineering\/scaling-knowledge-access-and-retrieval-at-airbnb-665b6ba21e95\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airbnb<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/azure-cosmosdb-build-2018-the-catalyst-for-next-generation-apps\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Microsoft<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and other internet powerhouses but no, this article is not about giant graphs from large enterprises. It is about our direct experience in helping<\/span><b> travel brands<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bungalowparkoverzicht.nl\/\"><b>bungalowparkoverzicht<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the Netherlands, the largest <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icelandtravel.is\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tour operator in Iceland<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and SalzburgerLand in Austria. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>[box]<\/p>\n<h6>WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE GRAPH?<\/h6>\n<p>A knowledge graph is a way of representing human-knowledge to machines. In short, you start by defining the main concepts as nodes and the relationships\u00a0among these concepts as edges in a graph. <a href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/knowledge-graph\/\">READ MORE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/box]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not all Graph are created equal and each organization has its own business goals and ways of representing relationships between related entities. We model data and build knowledge graphs to create a context, to improve content findability by leveraging on semantic search engines like Google and Bing and to provide precise answers to certain questions. When you have organized your data semantically and you have built your own taxonomy there are many applications that can be implemented: from classifying items to integrating data coming out of different pipelines, from building complex reasoning systems, to publishing metadata on the web. When we built the knowledge graph for a travel brand like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bungalowparkoverzicht.nl\/\"><b>bungalowparkoverzicht<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> our main focus was on the type of information that a traveler would need before reaching the destinations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We model data for the so-called \u201cplanning and booking moments\u201d. Planning, accordingly to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thinkwithgoogle.com\/marketing-resources\/micro-moments\/micro-moments-reshaping-travel-customer-journey\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a research from Google<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, starts when a digital traveler has chosen a destination and is then looking for the right time and place to stay. Then the booking will follow, and that\u2019s the moment when the travelers move into reserving their perfect hotel, choose a room and reserve it. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Types of Information to model for the planning and booking moments<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When modeling hotel-related information in Web content using the schema.org vocabulary you basically work with three core type of nodes (entity types):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/LodgingBusiness\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lodging business<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, (e.g. a hotel, hostel, resort, or a camping site): essentially the place and local business that houses the actual units of the establishment (e.g. hotel rooms). The lodging business can encompass multiple buildings but is in most cases a coherent place.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Accommodation\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">accommodation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, i.e. the actually relevant units of the establishment (e.g. hotel rooms, suites, apartments, meeting rooms, camping pitches, etc.). These are the actual objects that are offered for rental.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Offer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">offer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to let a hotel room (or other forms of accommodations) for a particular amount of money and for a given type of usage (e.g. occupancy), typically further constrained by advance booking requirements and other terms and conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9509\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9509\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9509\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7.png\" alt=\"Schema Markup for hotels and lodging businesses\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7.png 960w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7-288x163.png 288w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-7-150x84.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schema Markup for hotels and lodging businesses.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Relationships (edges in the graph) between these entities are designed in such a way that several potential conversations between a lodging business and a potential client become possible. We simply:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) encode these relationships using an open vocabulary and, by doing so, \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) easily enable search engines and\/or virtual assistants to traverse these connections in multiple ways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As seen above we can map &#8211; using the vocabulary &#8211; all the hospitality infrastructures as <\/span><strong><code>schema:Organization<\/code><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and create a page listing all the different companies behind these businesses or we can list these hotels and lodging facilities using their geolocation and the properties of the <\/span><strong><code>schema:Place<\/code><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span> type.<\/p>\n<h2>Making it happen<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The content management system in the back-end uses a relational database, and this is just great as most of the data needs to be used with transactional processes (versioning, reviews are all based on efficiently storing data into tables). Our work is to apply to each data-point the <\/span><b>semantics <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">required to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">publish metadata on the web using structured data that machines can understand <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">index each item of the property inventory (i.e. all the proposed hotels, all the locations, &#8230;) with a unique identifier and a corresponding representation in an RDF knowledge graph <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">semantically annotate editorial content with all the nodes that are relevant for our target audience (i.e. annotating an article about a camping site in the Netherlands with the same entity that connects that location with the related <\/span><strong><code>schema:LodgingBusiness<\/code><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">have a nice and clean API to query and eventually enrich the data in the graph using other publicly available data coming from Wikidata, GeoNames or DBpedia<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">provide search engines and virtual assistants with the booking URL using <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><code><strong>schema:ReserveAction<\/strong><\/code><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(see the example below) to make this data truly actionable.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1. Publishing metadata on the Web: data quality becomes King<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since major search providers (including Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Yandex) joined forces to define a common language for semantic markup, semantic web technologies became an important asset of online business of all sort. At the time of writing this article, 10 million websites use Schema.org to mark up their web pages.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9514\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9514\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9514\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8.png\" alt=\"Structured Data from the Common Web Crawl\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8.png 960w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8-288x163.png 288w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-8-150x84.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9514\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a class=\"wl-entity-page-link\" title=\"What Is Structured Data And How to Implement It\" href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/structured-data\/\" data-id=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/what_is_structured_data_;http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q26813700\" >Structured Data<\/a> Growth from the Common Web Crawl.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While there is a growing interest in adding structured data in general, <\/span><b>the focus is now shifting from providing whatever form of structured data to providing high-quality data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span> that can have a real impact on the new <b>entity-oriented search<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>[box]<\/p>\n<h6>WHAT IS ENTITY-ORIENTED SEARCH?<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Entity-oriented search, as defined by Krisztian Balog in his <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-319-93935-3.pdf\">book<\/a>, is <\/span><b>the search paradigm of organizing and accessing information centered around entities, and their attributes and relationships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/box]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranking high on long tail intents like the ones we see in the travel sector is &#8211; in several cases &#8211; about <\/span><b>providing consistent and reliable information in a structured form<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9516\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9516\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9516\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4.png\" alt=\"How structured data might be used in Google synthetic queries\" width=\"960\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4.png 960w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4-288x163.png 288w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-4-150x84.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9516\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">How structured data might be used in Google synthetic queries.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The importance of geocoding the address<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To give you a practical example, when making explicit the data about the address of the lodging business for the Dutch website, we realised that the data we had in the CMS wasn\u2019t good enough to be published online using schema and we decided to reverse geocode the address and extract the data in a clean and reliable format, using an external API. A simple heuristic like this one improves the quality of the data describing thousands of lodging businesses that can now be unambiguously ranked for various type of searches. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using well-known datasets to disambiguate location-specific characteristics <\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In schema, when describing most of the hotel-related types and properties &#8211; e.g. telling hosts that the hotel might have a WiFi Internet connection &#8211; we can use the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><code><strong>amenityFeature<\/strong><\/code><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0property that is derived from the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ontologies.sti-innsbruck.at\/acco\/ns.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STI accommodation ontology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (our friends in Innsbruck at the Semantic Technology Institute that have greatly contributed to the travel extension of Schema).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unfortunately, there is not common taxonomy yet for describing these properties (the wifi or the presence of a safe in the room). In order to help search engines and virtual assistants disambiguate these properties at best, in WordLift we\u2019re providing a mapping between these hotel-related properties and entities in Wikidata. In this way, we can add an unambiguous pointer to &#8211; let\u2019s say &#8211; the concept of WiFi, that in Wikidata corresponds to the entity <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q29643\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q29643<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2. Creating unique IDs for entities in the graph<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When representing the nodes in our graph we create entities and we group them in a catalog (we call it vocabulary). All the entities we have in the catalog belong to different types (i.e. Lodging business, Organization, Place, Offer). The entity catalog defines the universe we know and each entity has its own unique identifier. The fact that we can have an ID for each node turns out to be surprisingly useful as it allows us to have a \u00a0one-to-one correspondence between a node (represented by its ID) and the real-world object it represents. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An accommodation like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bungalowparkoverzicht.nl\/boek\/landal-strand-resort-ouddorp-duin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strand Resort Ouddorp Duin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the South of Holland, for example, has its own unique ID in the graph on <\/span><strong><code>http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0760\/vakantiepark\/strand_resort_ouddorp_duin<\/code><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3. Bridging text and structure<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Combining structured and unstructured information is key for improving search\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">breadth and quality from external search engines like Google and Bing. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It also becomes very important to provide a consistent user experience within the site. Let\u2019s say that you are referring, in an article from the blog, to South of Holland or to the Landal Strand Resort we talked about before: you want your users to see the latest promotions from this resort and\/or offers from other properties nearby. Connecting editorial content from the blog using the data in the graph is called entity-linking. It is done by annotating mentions of specific entities (or properties of these entities) being described in a text, with their own unique identifiers from the underlying knowledge graph. This creates a context for the users (and for external search engines) and a simple way to improve the user experience by suggesting a meaningful navigation path (i.e. \u201clet\u2019s see all the resorts in the region\u201d or \u201clet\u2019s see the latest offers from the Strand Resort\u201d). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9520\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9520\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9520\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/MVIMG_20180908_153037-1.jpg\" alt=\"Florian Bauhuber presenting SLT Knowledge Graph at Castelcamp Kaprun 2018\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/MVIMG_20180908_153037-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/MVIMG_20180908_153037-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/MVIMG_20180908_153037-1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/MVIMG_20180908_153037-1-510x382.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florian Bauhuber from Tourismuszukunft presenting SLT Knowledge Graph at Castelcamp Kaprun 2018.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4. Discovering new facts by linking external data<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9523\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9523\" style=\"width: 713px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9523\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/kaprun.png\" alt=\"Kaprun in GeoNames\" width=\"713\" height=\"571\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/kaprun.png 713w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/kaprun-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/kaprun-150x120.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9523\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaprun in GeoNames.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having a graph in RDF format is also about linking your data with other data. A great travel destination in Salzburgerland like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.salzburgerland.com\/en\/kaprun\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaprun<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has its own entity ID in the graph\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><code>http:\/\/open.salzburgerland.com\/en\/entity\/kaprun<\/code><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">built by the Region of Salzburg using WordLift. This entity is linked with the equivalent entities in the Web of data. In GeoNames it corresponds to the entity <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sws.geonames.org\/2774758\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><code>http:\/\/sws.geonames.org\/2774758\/<\/code><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (GeoNames is a freely available geographical database that contains a lot more properties about Kaprun that what we store in our graph). We can see from GeoNames that Kaprun is 786m above sea level and belongs to the Zell am See region in Salzburgerland. These informations are immediately accessible to search engines and can be also stored in the index of the website internal search engine to let users find Kaprun when searching for towns in Zell am See or destination in Salzburgerland close to a lake. This wealth of open data, interlinked with our graph, can be made immediately accessible to our users by adding attributes in Schema that search engines understand. An internal search engine with these information becomes \u201csemantic\u201d and we don&#8217;t need to maintain or curate this information (unless we find it unreliable). Wow! \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[box]<\/p>\n<h6>WHAT IS RDF?<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Resource Description Framework (RDF), \u00a0is a W3C standard for describing entities in a knowledge base.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An entity such as a hotel can be represented as a set of RDF statements. These statements may be seen as facts or assertions about that entity. A knowledge graph is a structured knowledge repository for storing and organizing statements about entities.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/knowledge-graph\/\">READ MORE<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/box]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9525\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9525\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9525\" src=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-5.png\" alt=\"SLT Knowledge Graph in the Linked Open Data Cloud\" width=\"538\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-5.png 538w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2018\/10\/The-Holy-Grail-of-Semantic-SEO-5-96x96.png 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 538px) 100vw, 538px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9525\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">SLT Knowledge Graph in the Linked Open Data Cloud.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5. From answering questions to making it all happen: introducing Schema Actions<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We use nodes and edges in the graph to help search engines and virtual assistants answer specific questions like \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where can I find a camping site with a sauna close to a ski resort in Germany?<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d. These are <\/span><b>informational intents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that can be covered by providing structured data using the schema.org vocabulary to describe entities. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2014 Schema.org, the consortium created by the search engines to build a common vocabulary introduced a new extension called <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.schema.org\/2014\/04\/announcing-schemaorg-actions.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Actions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The purpose of Schema Actions is to go beyond the static description of entities &#8211; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">people, places, hotels, restaurants, \u2026<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and to describe the actions that can be invoked (or have been invoked) using these entities. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the context of the knowledge graph for a travel brand, we\u2019re starting to use Schema Actions to let search engines and virtual assistants know what is the URL to be used for booking a specific hotel. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here is an example of the JSON-LD code injected in the page of a camping village providing the indication of the URL that can be used on the different devices (see the attribute \u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><code>actionPlatform<\/code><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) to initiate the booking process. <\/span><\/p>\n<pre><code>\n  \"potentialAction\": {\n\t\"@type\": \"ReserveAction\",\n\t\"target\": {\n  \t    \"@type\": \"EntryPoint\",\n  \t    \"urlTemplate\": \"\/boek\/canvas-belvedere-village\/\",\n  \t    \"inLanguage\": \"nl-NL\",\n  \t    \"actionPlatform\": [\n    \t        \"http:\/\/schema.org\/DesktopWebPlatform\",\n    \t        \"http:\/\/schema.org\/IOSPlatform\",\n    \t        \"http:\/\/schema.org\/AndroidPlatform\"\n  \t    ]\n\t},\n\t\"result\": {\n  \t    \"@type\": \"LodgingReservation\",\n  \t    \"name\": \"Reserveren of meer informatie?\"\n\t}\n  }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next steps and final thoughts <\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we\u2019re continuing to explore new ways to collect, improve and reuse the information in the knowledge bases we are building with our clients in the travel industry, a new landscape of applications is emerging. Data is playing a pivotal role in the era of personal assistants, content recommendations and entity-oriented search. We are focusing on making knowledge as explicit as possible inside these organizations, to help searchers traverse it in a meaningful way.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The semantic web is a branch of artificial intelligence specifically designed to transfer human knowledge to machines. Human knowledge, in the travel sector, is really what creates a concrete business value for the travelers. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When planning for a next vacation we are constantly looking for something new, sometimes even unusual, but at the same time we need full reliability and we want to complete the planning and booking process in the best possible way, and with the least amount of effort.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For travel brands, destinations, online travel agencies, and resorts building a knowledge graph is truly the best way to improve the traveler experience, to market the travel offers and to prepare for the \u201cAI-first world\u201d of voice search and personal assistants. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are you ready to build your travel-oriented knowledge graph? <\/span><\/i><strong><i><a href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/contact-us\/\">Contact us<\/a><\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h3>Credits<\/h3>\n<p>Thanks to <a class=\"wl-entity-page-link\" title=\"edei\" href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/entity\/rainer-edlinger\/\" data-id=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/rainer_edlinger;https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q21600869;https:\/\/www.whisky-circle.info\/entity\/rainer-edlinger;http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0164\/entity\/rainer_edlinger\" >Rainer Edlinger<\/a> and <span id=\"urn:enhancement-82dc4552-1794-9e6a-5c0e-8fc608cc7a22\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-person\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/martin_reichhart\"><span id=\"urn:enhancement-96c5ff68-2737-a4f0-d5f0-463e49351861\" class=\"textannotation disambiguated wl-person\" itemid=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/entity\/martin_reichhart\">Martin <span class=\"vk_bk vk_h\">Reichhart<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>that this year invited me to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.castlecamp.at\">Castel Kamp<\/a> in Kaprun where every year the travel community from Austria, Germany, and\u00a0S\u00fcdtirol gathers to share their experiences, best practices and challenges in the digital marketing world. I have been also very happy to meet again\u00a0<span class=\"vk_bk vk_h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/reinhardlanner\/\">Reinhard Lanner<\/a> with whom I started this journey back in 2014. A great &#8220;<em>Grazie&#8221;\u00a0<\/em>also to our wonderful team that is constantly working to improve our technology and to\u00a0help our clients get the most out of our stack.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span class=\"vk_bk vk_h\"><span>Feel free to <a href=\"https:\/\/linkedin.com\/in\/volpini\">connect<\/a><\/span><span> if you want to know more about <a class=\"wl-entity-page-link\" title=\"travel seo\" href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/seo-for-travel-website\/\" data-id=\"http:\/\/data.wordlift.io\/wl0216\/post\/ready-to-rock-your-seo-for-a-travel-website-heres-how-23650\" >SEO for travel<\/a> websites and if you have any more questions about my experience with Knowledge Graphs for your travel brand!<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the first time this year we can finally say that knowledge graphs and semantic technologies are hype. People like me, who played with the semantic web stack for several years now, have long predicted that one day we would have a Graph for Everything. We did wait for long and hopefully not in vain &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/wordlift.io\/blog\/en\/knowledge-graphs-travel\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wl_entities_gutenberg":"","_wlpage_enable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35,8,7],"tags":[],"wl_entity_type":[30],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-9495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linked-data","category-seo","category-use-case","wl_entity_type-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How knowledge graphs can help your travel brand attract more visitors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How travel brands like bungalowparkoverzicht in the Netherlands, Iceland Travel in 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